Traditional blockchains bundle consensus, execution, and data availability into a single, tightly-coupled software client. This monolithic design creates immense friction and technological debt. Upgrading any core component requires a contentious, network-wide hard fork, a process that can take years of political coordination and risk community splits. This architecture is particularly ill-suited for the intensive and rapidly evolving demands of modern AI, as it cannot easily integrate specialized hardware (like GPUs/TPUs) or quickly adopt new cryptographic primitives (like new ZK-proof systems) that AI applications require.
